English spelling isn’t very phonetic and generally prefers to keep historical spellings, a large portion of spellings are derived from variations of spellings used by Middle English writers hundreds of years ago. And Early Modern English & Middle English writers often times tended to use French-inspired spellings and etymological spellings (hence the spelling “island” from earlier English “iland” which was incorrectly thought to be related to Old French “isle”). English speakers also tend to change the spellings of loanwords very little when they borrow them, e.g. “naïve”/“naive” or “schadenfreude”. But in the case of some words, e.g. “schadenfreude”, the pronunciation isn’t borrowed very accurately.

This is opposed to writing systems like French and Polish writing, which have had multiple more recent spelling reforms (and semi-frequently have spelling reforms still) which keep the spellings more consistently matched with the spoken language. And, in general, loanwords’ spellings are adapted rather than preserved.